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Data Security Law of the People’s Republic of China
(Unofficial, not legally binding translation)
(Adopted at the 29th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 13th National People’s Congress on June 10, 2021)
Source: Chinese National People’s Congress web browser
Table of Contents
Chapter One General Provisions
Chapter 2 Data Security and Development
Chapter III Data Security System
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Chapter V Security and Openness of Government Data
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions
Chapter One General Provisions
Article 1 In order to regulate data processing activities, ensure data security, promote data development and utilization, protect the legitimate rights and interests of individuals and organizations, and safeguard national sovereignty, security and development interests, this law is formulated.
Article 2 This law applies to data processing activities and safety supervision within the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
Anyone who conducts data processing activities outside the People’s Republic of China that harms the national security, public interests, or the legitimate rights and interests of citizens or organizations of the People’s Republic of China shall be investigated for legal responsibility according to law.
Article 3 ”Data” as used in this Law refers to any record of information electronically or by other means.
Data processing, including the collection, storage, use, processing, transmission, provision, and disclosure of data.
Data security refers to the adoption of necessary measures to ensure that data is in a state of effective protection and legal use, as well as the ability to ensure continuous security.
Article 4: To maintain data security, we shall adhere to the overall national security concept, establish and improve a data security governance system, and improve data security assurance capabilities.
Article 5 The central national security leadership agency is responsible for the decision-making and coordination of national data security work, researching, formulating and guiding the implementation of the national data security strategy and relevant major policies, coordinating major issues and important tasks of national data security, and establishing national data security Work coordination mechanism.
Article 6: All regions and departments are responsible for the data and data security collected and generated in the work of their own regions and departments.
The competent authorities of industry, telecommunications, transportation, finance, natural resources, health, education, and science and technology are responsible for data security supervision in their respective industries and fields.
Public security organs, national security organs, etc., in accordance with the provisions of this Law and relevant laws and administrative regulations, shall undertake data security supervision responsibilities within the scope of their respective duties.
The national cybersecurity and informatization department shall, in accordance with the provisions of this law and relevant laws and administrative regulations, be responsible for overall planning and coordination of network data security and related supervision work.
Article 7: The state protects the rights and interests of individuals and organizations related to data, encourages the rational and effective use of data in accordance with the law, guarantees the orderly and free flow of data in accordance with the law, and promotes the development of a digital economy with data as a key element.
Article 8: Conducting data processing activities shall abide by laws and regulations, respect social ethics and ethics, observe business ethics and professional ethics, be honest and trustworthy, perform data security protection obligations, assume social responsibilities, and shall not endanger national security and public interests, and shall not harm The legitimate rights and interests of individuals and organizations.
Article 9 The state supports the promotion of data security knowledge, raises the awareness and level of data security protection of the whole society, and promotes related departments, industry organizations, scientific research institutions, enterprises, individuals, etc. to participate in data security protection work together, forming a joint data security protection work for the whole society Safe and good environment for development.
Article 10: Relevant industry organizations shall, in accordance with the articles of association, formulate data security codes of conduct and group standards in accordance with the law, strengthen industry self-discipline, guide members to strengthen data security protection, improve data security protection levels, and promote the healthy development of the industry.
Article 11: The state actively carries out international exchanges and cooperation in the fields of data security governance, data development and utilization, participates in the formulation of international rules and standards related to data security, and promotes the safe and free flow of data across borders.
Article 12: Any individual or organization has the right to lodge a complaint or report to the relevant competent authority for violations of the provisions of this law. The department that receives the complaint or report shall promptly handle it in accordance with the law.
Relevant competent departments shall keep confidential the relevant information of the complainant and informant, and protect the lawful rights and interests of the complainant and informant.
Chapter 2 Data Security and Development
Article 13: The State shall make overall plans for development and security, insist on using data development and utilization and industrial development to promote data security, and use data security to ensure data development, utilization and industrial development.
Article 14: The state implements a big data strategy, promotes the construction of data infrastructure, and encourages and supports the innovative application of data in various industries and fields.
People’s governments at or above the provincial level shall incorporate the development of the digital economy into the national economic and social development plan at the corresponding level, and formulate a digital economy development plan as needed.
Article 15: The state supports the development and utilization of data to improve the level of intelligence in public services. In the provision of intelligent public services, the needs of the elderly and the disabled shall be fully considered to avoid obstacles to the daily lives of the elderly and the disabled.
Article 16 The state supports data development and utilization and data security technology research, encourages technical promotion and business innovation in the fields of data development and utilization and data security, and fosters and develops data development and utilization and data security products and industrial systems.
Article 17: The state promotes the development of data development and utilization technologies and the establishment of a data security standard system. The standardization administrative department of the State Council and the relevant departments of the State Council, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, organize the formulation and timely revision of relevant standards for data development and utilization technologies, products, and data security. The state supports enterprises, social organizations and educational and scientific research institutions to participate in the formulation of standards.
Article 18: The state promotes the development of services such as data security testing, evaluation, and certification, and supports professional organizations such as data security testing, assessment, and certification to carry out service activities in accordance with the law.
The state supports relevant departments, industry organizations, enterprises, education and scientific research institutions, and relevant professional institutions to collaborate in data security risk assessment, prevention, and disposal.
Article 19: The state establishes a sound data transaction management system, regulates data transaction behavior, and cultivates a data transaction market.
Article 20: The state supports education, scientific research institutions, and enterprises to carry out education and training on data development and utilization technology and data security, and adopts various methods to train data development and utilization technology and data security professionals, and promote talent exchanges.
Chapter III Data Security System
Article 21 The state establishes a data classification and hierarchical protection system, based on the importance of data in economic and social development, and once it has been tampered with, destroyed, leaked, or illegally obtained or used, it will affect national security, public interests, or individuals or organizations. The degree of harm caused by legitimate rights and interests is classified and classified and protected. The National Data Security Work Coordination Mechanism coordinates relevant departments to formulate important data catalogs and strengthen the protection of important data.
Data related to national security, the lifeline of the national economy, important people’s livelihood, and major public interests belong to the country’s core data, and a stricter management system is implemented.
All regions and departments shall, in accordance with the data classification and hierarchical protection system, determine specific catalogs of important data in their respective regions, departments, and related industries and fields, and carry out key protection of the data listed in the catalog.
Article 22: The state establishes a centralized, unified, efficient and authoritative mechanism for data security risk assessment, reporting, information sharing, and monitoring and early warning. The National Data Security Work Coordination Mechanism coordinates relevant departments to strengthen the acquisition, analysis, research and judgment, and early warning of data security risk information.
Article 23: The state establishes a data security emergency response mechanism. In the event of a data security incident, the relevant competent authorities shall initiate emergency plans in accordance with the law, take corresponding emergency response measures to prevent the expansion of harm, eliminate potential safety hazards, and promptly release warning information related to the public to the public.
Article 24: The state establishes a data security review system to conduct national security reviews on data processing activities that affect or may affect national security.
The safety review decision made in accordance with the law is the final decision.
Article 25: The state implements export control in accordance with the law on data belonging to controlled items related to safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling international obligations.
Article 26: Where any country or region adopts discriminatory prohibitions, restrictions or other similar measures against the People’s Republic of China in terms of investment and trade related to data and data development and utilization technologies, the People’s Republic of China may take measures based on actual conditions. The country or region will take equal measures.
Chapter IV Data Security Protection Obligations
Article 27: Data processing activities shall be carried out in accordance with the provisions of laws and regulations, establish and improve the whole-process data security management system, organize and carry out data security education and training, and adopt corresponding technical measures and other necessary measures to ensure data security. The use of the Internet and other information networks to carry out data processing activities shall perform the above-mentioned data security protection obligations on the basis of the network security level protection system.
The processor of important data shall clarify the person in charge of data security and the management agency, and implement the responsibility for data security protection.
Article 28: The development of data processing activities and the research and development of new data technologies shall be conducive to promoting economic and social development, enhancing the well-being of the people, and conforming to social morality and ethics.
Article 29: When data processing activities are carried out, risk monitoring shall be strengthened. When risks such as data security deficiencies and loopholes are discovered, remedial measures shall be taken immediately; when data security incidents occur, handling measures shall be taken immediately, and users shall be notified in time and related The competent authority reports.
Article 30: Processors of important data shall, in accordance with regulations, conduct regular risk assessments of their data processing activities, and submit risk assessment reports to relevant competent authorities.
The risk assessment report should include the type and quantity of important data processed, the status of data processing activities, the data security risks faced and the countermeasures, etc.
Article 31. The exit security management of important data collected and generated by operators of critical information infrastructures within the territory of the People’s Republic of China shall be governed by the provisions of the Cybersecurity Law of the People’s Republic of China; other data processors are in the People’s Republic of China The exit security management measures for important data collected and generated in domestic operations shall be formulated by the State Cyberspace Administration of China in conjunction with relevant departments of the State Council.
Article 32: Any organization or individual shall adopt legal and proper methods to collect data, and shall not steal or obtain data by other illegal methods.
Where laws and administrative regulations stipulate the purpose and scope of data collection and use, the data shall be collected and used within the purpose and scope stipulated by the laws and administrative regulations.
Article 33: “ Institutions engaged in data transaction intermediary services shall require the data provider to explain the source of the data, verify the identities of both parties to the transaction, and keep records of the review and transaction when providing services.
Article 34: Where laws and administrative regulations provide that the provision of data processing-related services shall obtain an administrative license, the service provider shall obtain the license in accordance with the law.
Article 35: Public security organs and national security organs shall, in accordance with relevant national regulations, go through strict approval procedures and proceed in accordance with the law in order to obtain data for maintaining national security or investigating crimes in accordance with the law, and relevant organizations and individuals shall cooperate.
Article 36: The competent authority of the People’s Republic of China shall, in accordance with relevant laws and international treaties and agreements concluded or acceded to by the People’s Republic of China, or in accordance with the principle of equality and reciprocity, handle requests by foreign judicial or law enforcement agencies for the provision of data. Unless approved by the competent authority of the People’s Republic of China, domestic organizations and individuals shall not provide data stored in the territory of the People’s Republic of China to foreign judicial or law enforcement agencies.
Chapter V Security and Openness of Government Data
Article 37: The state vigorously promotes the construction of e-government, improves the scientificity, accuracy, and timeliness of government data, and enhances the ability to use data to serve economic and social development.
Article 38 The collection and use of data by state agencies to perform their statutory duties shall be carried out in accordance with the conditions and procedures prescribed by laws and administrative regulations within the scope of their statutory duties; Data such as information, business secrets, and confidential business information shall be kept confidential in accordance with the law, and shall not be leaked or illegally provided to others.
Article 39: State agencies shall, in accordance with the provisions of laws and administrative regulations, establish and improve data security management systems, implement data security protection responsibilities, and ensure the security of government data.
Article 40: State agencies entrust others to build and maintain e-government systems, store and process government data, shall go through strict approval procedures, and shall supervise the entrusted party to perform corresponding data security protection obligations. The entrusted party shall perform its data security protection obligations in accordance with the provisions of laws, regulations and contractual agreements, and shall not retain, use, disclose or provide government affairs data to others without authorization.
Article 41: State agencies shall follow the principles of justice, fairness, and convenience for the people, and disclose government affairs data in a timely and accurate manner in accordance with regulations. Except for those that are not disclosed in accordance with the law.
Article 42: The state formulates an open catalog of government affairs data, builds a unified, standardized, interconnected, secure and controllable government affairs data open platform, and promotes the open utilization of government affairs data.
Article 43: The provisions of this chapter shall apply to organizations authorized by laws and regulations that have the function of managing public affairs to carry out data processing activities in order to perform statutory duties.
Chapter VI Legal Liability
Article 44: In performing data security supervision responsibilities, if relevant competent authorities find that data processing activities have significant security risks, they may conduct interviews with relevant organizations and individuals in accordance with the prescribed authority and procedures, and require relevant organizations and individuals to take measures. Take measures to rectify and eliminate hidden dangers.
Article 45: Organizations and individuals carrying out data processing activities that fail to perform their data security protection obligations as stipulated in Articles 27, 29, and 30 of this Law shall be ordered by the relevant competent authority to make corrections and give warnings. A fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan may be imposed, and the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible persons may be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan; those who refuse to make corrections or cause a large amount of data leakage and other serious consequences, A fine of not less than 500,000 yuan but not more than 2 million yuan, and may be ordered to suspend related businesses, suspend business for rectification, revoke related business licenses or revoke business licenses, and impose a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan on the directly responsible persons in charge and other directly responsible persons A fine of less than 100,000 yuan.
Violation of the national core data management system and endangering national sovereignty, security and development interests shall be fined between RMB 2 million and RMB 10 million by the relevant competent authority, and shall be ordered to suspend relevant business, suspend business for rectification, and revoke relevant business licenses according to the circumstances Or revoke the business license; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.
Article 46 Anyone who violates the provisions of Article 31 of this Law and provides important data overseas shall be ordered by the relevant competent authority to make corrections, given a warning, and may also be fined 100,000 yuan up to 1 million yuan, and those who are directly responsible Persons in charge and other directly responsible persons may impose a fine of 10,000 yuan to 100,000 yuan; if the circumstances are serious, a fine of 1 million yuan but less than 10 million yuan may be imposed, and the relevant business may be suspended, closed for rectification, and related business licenses revoked Or revoke the business license, and impose a fine of 100,000 yuan up to 1 million yuan on the directly responsible person-in-charge and other directly responsible persons.
Article 47: Institutions engaged in data transaction intermediary services that fail to perform the obligations stipulated in Article 33 of this law shall be ordered by the relevant competent authority to make corrections, the illegal gains shall be confiscated, and a fine of one to ten times the illegal gains shall be imposed. If the income or illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of 100,000 yuan up to 1 million yuan shall be imposed, and the relevant business may be suspended, closed for rectification, related business license revoked, or business license revoked; the directly responsible persons in charge and others The person directly responsible shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.
Article 48 Anyone who violates Article 35 of this Law and refuses to cooperate with data retrieval shall be ordered by the relevant competent authority to make corrections, given a warning, and imposed a fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan. Those who are directly responsible The person in charge and other persons directly responsible shall be fined not less than 10,000 yuan but not more than 100,000 yuan.
Violation of Article 36 of this Law by providing data to a foreign judicial or law enforcement agency without the approval of the competent authority shall be given a warning by the relevant competent authority, and a fine of 100,000 yuan up to 1 million yuan may be imposed, and the person directly responsible Persons in charge and other persons directly responsible can be fined 10,000 yuan up to 100,000 yuan; if serious consequences are caused, they can be fined 1 million yuan up to 5 million yuan, and can be ordered to suspend related businesses, suspend business for rectification, and revoke related businesses Permits or business licenses are revoked, and the directly responsible persons in charge and other directly responsible persons shall be fined not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan.
Article 49: If a state agency fails to perform its data security protection obligations under this law, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible persons shall be punished in accordance with the law.
Article 50 : State personnel who perform data security supervision duties neglect their duties, abuse their powers, or engage in malpractices for personal gains shall be punished in accordance with the law.
Article 51: Whoever steals or obtains data in other illegal ways, conducts data processing activities to eliminate or restrict competition, or harm the lawful rights and interests of individuals or organizations, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.
Article 52: Anyone who violates the provisions of this law and causes damage to others shall bear civil liability in accordance with the law.
Violation of the provisions of this law and constitutes a violation of public security management shall be given public security management penalties in accordance with the law; if a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated in accordance with the law.
Chapter 7 Supplementary Provisions
Article 53: To carry out data processing activities involving state secrets, the provisions of laws and administrative regulations such as the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Keeping State Secrets shall apply.
To carry out data processing activities in statistics and archival work, and to carry out data processing activities involving personal information, the relevant laws and administrative regulations shall also be complied with.
Article 54: Measures for the security protection of military data shall be separately formulated by the Central Military Commission in accordance with this Law.
Article 55: This law shall come into force on September 1, 2021.
Original text in Chinese
中华人民共和国数据安全法
（2021年6月10日第十三届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第二十九次会议通过）
目 录
第一章 总 则
第二章 数据安全与发展
第三章 数据安全制度
第四章 数据安全保护义务
第五章 政务数据安全与开放
第六章 法律责任
第七章 附 则
第一章 总 则
第一条 为了规范数据处理活动，保障数据安全，促进数据开发利用，保护个人、组织的合法权益，维护国家主权、安全和发展利益，制定本法。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内开展数据处理活动及其安全监管，适用本法。
在中华人民共和国境外开展数据处理活动，损害中华人民共和国国家安全、公共利益或者公民、组织合法权益的，依法追究法律责任。
第三条 本法所称数据，是指任何以电子或者其他方式对信息的记录。
数据处理，包括数据的收集、存储、使用、加工、传输、提供、公开等。
数据安全，是指通过采取必要措施，确保数据处于有效保护和合法利用的状态，以及具备保障持续安全状态的能力。
第四条 维护数据安全，应当坚持总体国家安全观，建立健全数据安全治理体系，提高数据安全保障能力。
第五条 中央国家安全领导机构负责国家数据安全工作的决策和议事协调，研究制定、指导实施国家数据安全战略和有关重大方针政策，统筹协调国家数据安全的重大事项和重要工作，建立国家数据安全工作协调机制。
第六条 各地区、各部门对本地区、本部门工作中收集和产生的数据及数据安全负责。
工业、电信、交通、金融、自然资源、卫生健康、教育、科技等主管部门承担本行业、本领域数据安全监管职责。
公安机关、国家安全机关等依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，在各自职责范围内承担数据安全监管职责。
国家网信部门依照本法和有关法律、行政法规的规定，负责统筹协调网络数据安全和相关监管工作。
第七条 国家保护个人、组织与数据有关的权益，鼓励数据依法合理有效利用，保障数据依法有序自由流动，促进以数据为关键要素的数字经济发展。
第八条 开展数据处理活动，应当遵守法律、法规，尊重社会公德和伦理，遵守商业道德和职业道德，诚实守信，履行数据安全保护义务，承担社会责任，不得危害国家安全、公共利益，不得损害个人、组织的合法权益。
第九条 国家支持开展数据安全知识宣传普及，提高全社会的数据安全保护意识和水平，推动有关部门、行业组织、科研机构、企业、个人等共同参与数据安全保护工作，形成全社会共同维护数据安全和促进发展的良好环境。
第十条 相关行业组织按照章程，依法制定数据安全行为规范和团体标准，加强行业自律，指导会员加强数据安全保护，提高数据安全保护水平，促进行业健康发展。
第十一条 国家积极开展数据安全治理、数据开发利用等领域的国际交流与合作，参与数据安全相关国际规则和标准的制定，促进数据跨境安全、自由流动。
第十二条 任何个人、组织都有权对违反本法规定的行为向有关主管部门投诉、举报。收到投诉、举报的部门应当及时依法处理。
有关主管部门应当对投诉、举报人的相关信息予以保密，保护投诉、举报人的合法权益。
第二章 数据安全与发展
第十三条 国家统筹发展和安全，坚持以数据开发利用和产业发展促进数据安全，以数据安全保障数据开发利用和产业发展。
第十四条 国家实施大数据战略，推进数据基础设施建设，鼓励和支持数据在各行业、各领域的创新应用。
省级以上人民政府应当将数字经济发展纳入本级国民经济和社会发展规划，并根据需要制定数字经济发展规划。
第十五条 国家支持开发利用数据提升公共服务的智能化水平。提供智能化公共服务，应当充分考虑老年人、残疾人的需求，避免对老年人、残疾人的日常生活造成障碍。
第十六条 国家支持数据开发利用和数据安全技术研究，鼓励数据开发利用和数据安全等领域的技术推广和商业创新，培育、发展数据开发利用和数据安全产品、产业体系。
第十七条 国家推进数据开发利用技术和数据安全标准体系建设。国务院标准化行政主管部门和国务院有关部门根据各自的职责，组织制定并适时修订有关数据开发利用技术、产品和数据安全相关标准。国家支持企业、社会团体和教育、科研机构等参与标准制定。
第十八条 国家促进数据安全检测评估、认证等服务的发展，支持数据安全检测评估、认证等专业机构依法开展服务活动。
国家支持有关部门、行业组织、企业、教育和科研机构、有关专业机构等在数据安全风险评估、防范、处置等方面开展协作。
第十九条 国家建立健全数据交易管理制度，规范数据交易行为，培育数据交易市场。
第二十条 国家支持教育、科研机构和企业等开展数据开发利用技术和数据安全相关教育和培训，采取多种方式培养数据开发利用技术和数据安全专业人才，促进人才交流。
第三章 数据安全制度
第二十一条 国家建立数据分类分级保护制度，根据数据在经济社会发展中的重要程度，以及一旦遭到篡改、破坏、泄露或者非法获取、非法利用，对国家安全、公共利益或者个人、组织合法权益造成的危害程度，对数据实行分类分级保护。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门制定重要数据目录，加强对重要数据的保护。
关系国家安全、国民经济命脉、重要民生、重大公共利益等数据属于国家核心数据，实行更加严格的管理制度。
各地区、各部门应当按照数据分类分级保护制度，确定本地区、本部门以及相关行业、领域的重要数据具体目录，对列入目录的数据进行重点保护。
第二十二条 国家建立集中统一、高效权威的数据安全风险评估、报告、信息共享、监测预警机制。国家数据安全工作协调机制统筹协调有关部门加强数据安全风险信息的获取、分析、研判、预警工作。
第二十三条 国家建立数据安全应急处置机制。发生数据安全事件，有关主管部门应当依法启动应急预案，采取相应的应急处置措施，防止危害扩大，消除安全隐患，并及时向社会发布与公众有关的警示信息。
第二十四条 国家建立数据安全审查制度，对影响或者可能影响国家安全的数据处理活动进行国家安全审查。
依法作出的安全审查决定为最终决定。
第二十五条 国家对与维护国家安全和利益、履行国际义务相关的属于管制物项的数据依法实施出口管制。
第二十六条 任何国家或者地区在与数据和数据开发利用技术等有关的投资、贸易等方面对中华人民共和国采取歧视性的禁止、限制或者其他类似措施的，中华人民共和国可以根据实际情况对该国家或者地区对等采取措施。
第四章 数据安全保护义务
第二十七条 开展数据处理活动应当依照法律、法规的规定，建立健全全流程数据安全管理制度，组织开展数据安全教育培训，采取相应的技术措施和其他必要措施，保障数据安全。利用互联网等信息网络开展数据处理活动，应当在网络安全等级保护制度的基础上，履行上述数据安全保护义务。
重要数据的处理者应当明确数据安全负责人和管理机构，落实数据安全保护责任。
第二十八条 开展数据处理活动以及研究开发数据新技术，应当有利于促进经济社会发展，增进人民福祉，符合社会公德和伦理。
第二十九条 开展数据处理活动应当加强风险监测，发现数据安全缺陷、漏洞等风险时，应当立即采取补救措施；发生数据安全事件时，应当立即采取处置措施，按照规定及时告知用户并向有关主管部门报告。
第三十条 重要数据的处理者应当按照规定对其数据处理活动定期开展风险评估，并向有关主管部门报送风险评估报告。
风险评估报告应当包括处理的重要数据的种类、数量，开展数据处理活动的情况，面临的数据安全风险及其应对措施等。
第三十一条 关键信息基础设施的运营者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理，适用《中华人民共和国网络安全法》的规定；其他数据处理者在中华人民共和国境内运营中收集和产生的重要数据的出境安全管理办法，由国家网信部门会同国务院有关部门制定。
第三十二条 任何组织、个人收集数据，应当采取合法、正当的方式，不得窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据。
法律、行政法规对收集、使用数据的目的、范围有规定的，应当在法律、行政法规规定的目的和范围内收集、使用数据。
第三十三条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构提供服务，应当要求数据提供方说明数据来源，审核交易双方的身份，并留存审核、交易记录。
第三十四条 法律、行政法规规定提供数据处理相关服务应当取得行政许可的，服务提供者应当依法取得许可。
第三十五条 公安机关、国家安全机关因依法维护国家安全或者侦查犯罪的需要调取数据，应当按照国家有关规定，经过严格的批准手续，依法进行，有关组织、个人应当予以配合。
第三十六条 中华人民共和国主管机关根据有关法律和中华人民共和国缔结或者参加的国际条约、协定，或者按照平等互惠原则，处理外国司法或者执法机构关于提供数据的请求。非经中华人民共和国主管机关批准，境内的组织、个人不得向外国司法或者执法机构提供存储于中华人民共和国境内的数据。
第五章 政务数据安全与开放
第三十七条 国家大力推进电子政务建设，提高政务数据的科学性、准确性、时效性，提升运用数据服务经济社会发展的能力。
第三十八条 国家机关为履行法定职责的需要收集、使用数据，应当在其履行法定职责的范围内依照法律、行政法规规定的条件和程序进行；对在履行职责中知悉的个人隐私、个人信息、商业秘密、保密商务信息等数据应当依法予以保密，不得泄露或者非法向他人提供。
第三十九条 国家机关应当依照法律、行政法规的规定，建立健全数据安全管理制度，落实数据安全保护责任，保障政务数据安全。
第四十条 国家机关委托他人建设、维护电子政务系统，存储、加工政务数据，应当经过严格的批准程序，并应当监督受托方履行相应的数据安全保护义务。受托方应当依照法律、法规的规定和合同约定履行数据安全保护义务，不得擅自留存、使用、泄露或者向他人提供政务数据。
第四十一条 国家机关应当遵循公正、公平、便民的原则，按照规定及时、准确地公开政务数据。依法不予公开的除外。
第四十二条 国家制定政务数据开放目录，构建统一规范、互联互通、安全可控的政务数据开放平台，推动政务数据开放利用。
第四十三条 法律、法规授权的具有管理公共事务职能的组织为履行法定职责开展数据处理活动，适用本章规定。
第六章 法律责任
第四十四条 有关主管部门在履行数据安全监管职责中，发现数据处理活动存在较大安全风险的，可以按照规定的权限和程序对有关组织、个人进行约谈，并要求有关组织、个人采取措施进行整改，消除隐患。
第四十五条 开展数据处理活动的组织、个人不履行本法第二十七条、第二十九条、第三十条规定的数据安全保护义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；拒不改正或者造成大量数据泄露等严重后果的，处五十万元以上二百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上二十万元以下罚款。
违反国家核心数据管理制度，危害国家主权、安全和发展利益的，由有关主管部门处二百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并根据情况责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第四十六条 违反本法第三十一条规定，向境外提供重要数据的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；情节严重的，处一百万元以上一千万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款。
第四十七条 从事数据交易中介服务的机构未履行本法第三十三条规定的义务的，由有关主管部门责令改正，没收违法所得，处违法所得一倍以上十倍以下罚款，没有违法所得或者违法所得不足十万元的，处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。
第四十八条 违反本法第三十五条规定，拒不配合数据调取的，由有关主管部门责令改正，给予警告，并处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处一万元以上十万元以下罚款。
违反本法第三十六条规定，未经主管机关批准向外国司法或者执法机构提供数据的，由有关主管部门给予警告，可以并处十万元以上一百万元以下罚款，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员可以处一万元以上十万元以下罚款；造成严重后果的，处一百万元以上五百万元以下罚款，并可以责令暂停相关业务、停业整顿、吊销相关业务许可证或者吊销营业执照，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员处五万元以上五十万元以下罚款。
第四十九条 国家机关不履行本法规定的数据安全保护义务的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员依法给予处分。
第五十条 履行数据安全监管职责的国家工作人员玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的，依法给予处分。
第五十一条 窃取或者以其他非法方式获取数据，开展数据处理活动排除、限制竞争，或者损害个人、组织合法权益的，依照有关法律、行政法规的规定处罚。
第五十二条 违反本法规定，给他人造成损害的，依法承担民事责任。
违反本法规定，构成违反治安管理行为的，依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第七章 附 则
第五十三条 开展涉及国家秘密的数据处理活动，适用《中华人民共和国保守国家秘密法》等法律、行政法规的规定。
在统计、档案工作中开展数据处理活动，开展涉及个人信息的数据处理活动，还应当遵守有关法律、行政法规的规定。
第五十四条 军事数据安全保护的办法，由中央军事委员会依据本法另行制定。
第五十五条 本法自2021年9月1日起施行。